One of the great families of video surveillance are cameras, recorders and in general with IP transmission systems; They allow to achieve a high quality and the highest resolutions, simplifying the wiring of our CCTV solution in many occasions and allowing us to have access to cameras even without a recorder.
There are several IP transmission media: Ethernet cable, wireless WiFi, coaxial cable RG59, PLC, fiber optic... The first 2 are the most common in CCTV.
It is the most common for all types of IP connections and depending on their features tends to have diversity price, allowing you to transport the data video stream from multiple cameras, together with other devices.
Physical operation is based on RJ45 male connectors and cable UTP - cable twisted pair shield-8 thread forming an Ethernet cable, with a theoretical maximum of 100 meters for CAT5e and CAT6; the most common categories currently for connections of up to 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet).
Devices such as recorders, IP cameras, etc. have a RJ45 female that we connect the Ethernet cable. If we need to cover large distances, we can insert a switch when we are reaching the maximum distances have additional female RJ45 connections and cable.
An interesting feature of the Ethernet cable is that way it simultaneously allows to transport data and DC power, using a technology called PoE - Power over Ethernet, power over network - so that, if our camera supports this technology, we can avoid wired power independently to the device to feed.
Through Wifi we managed to unite IP devices wirelessly to the physical network, which is of great help for IP cameras located in less accessible areas or where install Ethernet cabling is not feasible - from building to building, for example--or it is very complicated for aesthetics or inability to channel it inside.
The Wifi connection has a high cost in general, lower speed and is more prone to interference and saturation of the channels that we are using, but has the indisputable advantage of portability.
Currently there are several standards, which operate in the band of 2.4 GHz is the most common indoors, and often present in routers that facilitate internet operators and provides total speed in optimal conditions of up to 300 Mbps,
Other common standard is that operates in the 5 GHz band, obtaining connections also at high speeds, but much more stable to have less interference for being a non-shared band with other standards as happens to the 2.4 GHz.
There are several options in this field:
The Wifi connectivity of our internet access router can use to directly connect IP cameras that integrate wifi, usually more simple, designed for domestic models.
Diagram 1 wifi connection
Connect a couple - or more - than - professional access points running on 2.4 or 5 GHz-even admitting your outdoor installation; allowing connect wirelessly two - or more - separate Ethernet cable-based network.
Diagram 2 wifi connection
Provide an IP camera that only have connection by Ethernet cable, using a device - small size that even allows you to connect to a mobile phone via a USB 3G network router-wireless connectivity.
In addition to the SLOC - Security Link solutions over Coaxial-, whether we are adding IP cameras in an environment in which we already have wiring coaxial installed, for example taking advantage of the hybridization of a DVR, it is feasible to use RG59 cable from the analog cameras to an IP camera, using an IP Extender on coaxial.
Using a passive adapter, i.e. which does not need external power and size very reduced, connected at each end of the coax up to 200 meters, we create a symmetrical IP (up and down) connection 10 Mbps, suitable for 1 IP camera.
There are also other fed options that allow theoretical distances up to 500 meters of coaxial cable connecting also at each end of the coaxial cable, and transmit signal IP rise 21 Mbps and 3 Mbps down, keeping the video channel for coaxial simultaneously.
The ideal solution depends on each facility, if we need to take advantage of existing wiring or devices already present, if we are to provide connectivity to new areas and their accessibility. Bearing in mind that in addition to these possibilities can be combined with each other, which facilitates scalability.
Attachments: IP_cam_diagram_1.jpg diagram_2.jpg diagram_3.jpg diagram_4.jpg diagram_5.jpg
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